Gibberellin insensitive dwarf 1 receptor (GID1)

The Gibberellin insensitive dwarf 1 (GID1) receptor is a nuclear and cytosolic protein that serves as the primary sensor for gibberellins (GAs), a class of tetracyclic diterpene hormones essential for plant growth and development. GID1 belongs to the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily, but it has evolved to function as a ligand-dependent chaperone rather than an enzyme, lacking the essential catalytic residues. When a bioactive gibberellin binds within its deep hydrophobic pocket, the N-terminal extension of GID1 undergoes a conformational change that enables it to interact with the GRAS domain of DELLA proteins, which are master repressors of GA-responsive growth. This interaction facilitates the recruitment of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF-SLY1 in Arabidopsis or SCF-GID2 in rice), leading to the polyubiquitination and subsequent 26S proteasomal degradation of the DELLA proteins. The removal of DELLA proteins relieves the repression of GA-responsive genes, thereby promoting processes such as seed germination, stem elongation, and floral transition. While GID1 is not a therapeutic target for human clinical diseases, it is a critical target in agricultural biotechnology for the development of high-yield, semi-dwarf crop varieties and is increasingly employed in synthetic biology as a tool for chemically induced dimerization (CID) systems.

Other names

Gibberellin receptorGA receptorGID1AGID1BGID1CGibberellin insensitive dwarf 1

Gibberellin-dependent recruitment of DELLA repressors to the SCF-SLY1/GID2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex for proteasomal degradation.