Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba, commonly called the maidenhair tree, is a unique, ancient gymnosperm species with no close living relatives, often referred to as a “living fossil.” Extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves contain a variety of bioactive terpenoids and flavonoids, notably ginkgolides and bilobalide, which have been studied for cognitive, neuroprotective, and vascular effects. Despite widespread use as a supplement, Ginkgo biloba itself is not a molecular or receptor drug target; rather, it is a botanical species that provides complex mixtures of compounds affecting various biological pathways, but it has no approved therapeutic indications and only limited, often inconclusive, evidence of clinical efficacy for any disease. Caution is warranted due to known risks of allergy, toxicity, drug interactions, and lack of robust regulatory oversight[3][4][1].

Other names

Maidenhair treeGinkgoGinkgo biloba extractGinkgo foliumYinxingyeTanakanCommon ginkgo leafSalisburia adiantifolia leafSalisburia biloba leafPterophyllus salisburiensis leaf

Antioxidant activity (scavenging free radicals); Inhibition of platelet-activating factor; Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A; Anticholinesterase activity; Inhibition of lipid peroxidation; Modulation of neurotransmitter uptake (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine reuptake inhibition)