Glass ionomer cement (GIC) (GIC)

The glass ionomer polyacid–glass matrix is the structural foundation of glass ionomer cements (GICs), which are widely used in restorative dentistry [1]. These materials are formed through an acid-base reaction between a polymeric acid, such as polyacrylic acid, and a basic fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder [2]. The resulting matrix consists of unreacted glass cores embedded in a silica gel and a metal-polyacrylate cross-linked hydrogel [3]. GICs are valued for their ability to chemically bond to tooth structure (enamel and dentin) and their sustained release of fluoride, which provides anticariogenic properties [1]. While they are biocompatible and have a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to tooth structure, they generally possess lower fracture toughness and wear resistance compared to resin-based composites [2][3].

Other names

Glass polyalkenoate cementPoly(alkenoate) cementGlass ionomer polyacid-glass matrixGIC

The matrix forms through an acid-base reaction where polyalkenoic acid chains are cross-linked by calcium and aluminum ions released from fluoroaluminosilicate glass particles [1][2]. This process creates a chemically bonded interface with the tooth's hydroxyapatite [3].