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Glucagon Secretion by Transplanted Alpha Cells
- Molecular classification
- Cellular Function, Hormone Secretion
01
Overview
Glucagon secretion by transplanted alpha cells refers to the functional capacity of transplanted pancreatic alpha cells, often derived from human embryonic stem cells (hES), to secrete glucagon in response to physiological stimuli. This process is crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels, particularly during hypoglycemia, by stimulating hepatic glucose production. The transplanted cells must respond appropriately to glucose and other regulators of glucagon secretion to effectively restore glucose homeostasis. This target represents a promising avenue for restoring glycemic control where endogenous alpha cell function is lost or impaired.
- Other names
- Transplanted alpha cell glucagon releasehES-derived alpha cell glucagon secretion
02
Mechanism of action
Not applicable; cellular function
03
Biological functions
Glucose homeostasisCounter-regulatory response to hypoglycemiaHepatic gluconeogenesis stimulationHepatic glycogenolysis stimulation
04
Disease associations
Type 1 Diabetes MellitusType 2 Diabetes MellitusHypoglycemiaPost-pancreatectomy endocrine insufficiency
05
Safety considerations
Potential for excessive glucagon secretion leading to hyperglycemiaGraft rejection (transplantation-related)Tumorigenicity of hES-derived cells (transplantation-related)
06
Biomarkers
Plasma glucagon levelsSynaptophysin expression (transplanted cells)ARX expression (transplanted cells)
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