Blood glucose regulation

Blood glucose regulation refers to the complex physiological processes that maintain blood glucose levels within a narrow range. This is achieved through an interplay of hormones—primarily insulin and glucagon—secreted by pancreatic β-cells and α-cells respectively. Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake and storage as glycogen in liver and muscle tissue; glucagon raises it by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis[1][2][3]. Additional hormones such as amylin, incretins (GLP-1, GIP), epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, and somatostatin also modulate these effects[2]. The main tissues involved include liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, kidney (during starvation), intestine (via incretins), and central nervous system for sensing[3]. Disruption in this tightly regulated system leads to metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus[1][2]. Notes: - "Blood glucose regulation" is not a molecule or receptor but describes an integrated physiological process involving multiple molecular targets including enzymes (e.g., glycogen synthase), transporters (e.g., GLUT4), receptors/hormones (e.g., insulin receptor)[3]. - For structured data extraction about druggable targets related to this pathway/process—such as "Insulin receptor," "Glucagon receptor," "GLUT4," etc.—each should be queried individually.

Other names

Blood sugar regulationGlucose homeostasisRegulation of blood glucoseBlood glucose homeostasis