Glucose-lipid metabolism modulation

Glucose-lipid metabolism modulation" refers to the biological processes through which the metabolism of glucose and lipids are interconnected and jointly regulated in living organisms. Multiple molecular families and pathways participate in modulating the balance between glucose utilization (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis) and lipid processing (lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, and lipid transport). Key players in these processes include enzymes (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase), transporters (e.g., glucose transporters—GLUTs, sodium-glucose cotransporters—SGLTs, fatty acid transporters), and a variety of transcriptional regulators (e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), liver X receptors (LXRs), and xenobiotic receptors such as CAR and PXR). Alterations or dysregulation of glucose-lipid metabolic modulation are implicated in metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disorders. However, "glucose-lipid metabolism modulation" does not refer to a discrete receptor or molecular target; it is a functional concept involving multiple molecular entities and pathways.