Glucose Transporter Protein (GLUT)

Glucose transporter proteins are a broad group of membrane proteins that facilitate the movement of glucose across cellular plasma membranes via facilitated diffusion. This process is essential because glucose, a primary energy source for most living organisms, cannot freely cross the lipid bilayer. There are two main types: Facilitated diffusion glucose transporters (GLUTs/SLC2A family) and Sodium–glucose linked transporters (SGLTs). The human genome encodes 14 GLUT isoforms (GLUT1–14), each with distinct tissue distributions and substrate specificities. GLUTs operate via an "alternate conformation" model. Glucose transporter dysfunction can lead to metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. SGLT inhibitors are used therapeutically for diabetes management.

Other names

Glucose transporterGLUT1GLUT2GLUT3GLUT4GLUT5SGLT1SLC2A familySodium–glucose linked transporter

Facilitated diffusion of glucose across the cell membrane; Sodium-dependent glucose co-transport.