Glucose transporter type 4 protein (GLUT4)

Glucose transporter type 4 protein (GLUT4) is a member of the solute carrier family 2 encoded by the SLC2A4 gene in humans. It is the principal insulin-responsive glucose transporter found in adipose tissue and striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac)[1][2][5]. GLUT4 resides mainly in intracellular vesicles and is translocated to the plasma membrane upon insulin stimulation, allowing for facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells and playing a key role in glucose homeostasis[1][2]. This regulated trafficking distinguishes GLUT4 from other glucose transporters. GLUT4 dysfunction or impaired translocation is centrally involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes[1][2]. While the protein is not the direct target of traditional small-molecule drugs, its physiological activity is a key therapeutic endpoint in diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and it is indirectly affected by drugs that improve insulin sensitivity[1][2][5]. Clinically, GLUT4 is viewed as a fundamental target for metabolic disease research and intervention.

Other names

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4SLC2A4Insulin-responsive glucose transporter

Increase or restore GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane (mainly insulin and insulin mimetics); Enhance glucose uptake into muscle and adipose cells (various insulin-sensitizing drugs)