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Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 (GAD1)
- Target
- GAD1
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme
01
Overview
Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), also known as GAD67, is an enzyme encoded by the GAD1 gene. It catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamic acid to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. This reaction requires pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) as a cofactor. It is responsible for maintaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission by converting glutamate into GABA.
- Other names
- GAD67CPSQ1GADSCPDEE89glutamate decarboxylase 1
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of GABA synthesis will likely be an indirect mechanism. Direct interaction with GAD1 as a target would lead to decrease in GABA production.
03
Biological functions
Catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamic acid to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)Maintains balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmissionRole in insulin secretion
04
Disease associations
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type I diabetes)Pyridoxine dependency with seizuresStiff person syndromeSleep disturbancesAutoimmune disordersNeurological Disorders
05
Safety considerations
Altered glutamate:GABA ratiosVitamin B6 deficiency can reduce its function
06
Biomarkers
GAD1 autoantibodies in Type I diabetes
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