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Glutamate Decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)
- Target
- GAD65
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, PLP-dependent enzyme
01
Overview
Glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GAD65 is one of two major isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase; it has a molecular weight of approximately 65 kDa and is encoded by the GAD2 gene. Autoantibodies against GAD65 are highly prevalent markers for several autoimmune conditions, including Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Stiff-person syndrome.
- Other names
- Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 2Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 kDa IsoformGAD2
02
Mechanism of action
Catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
03
Biological functions
GABA synthesisNeurotransmitter synthesisRegulation of neuronal excitabilityModulation of insulin secretion
04
Disease associations
Type I Diabetes MellitusStiff-person syndromeGraves diseaseCerebellar ataxiaPolyendocrine autoimmune syndromeCeliac diseaseGluten sensitivitySchizophreniaSeizures
05
Safety considerations
Autoantigenicity in autoimmune diseases
06
Biomarkers
Anti-GAD65 antibodies (diagnostic for Type I diabetes risk and stiff-person syndrome)
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