Glutamate-gated Chloride Channel (GluCl)

Glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) are ligand-gated ion channels found exclusively in protostome invertebrates, such as nematodes and arthropods. They are structurally related to mammalian glycine receptors but do not occur in vertebrates. Upon binding of glutamate, these channels open to allow chloride ions to flow across cell membranes, hyperpolarizing neurons or muscle cells and exerting inhibitory effects on neural circuits. GluCls are major targets of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics (e.g., ivermectin), which lock the channel open, causing persistent inhibition that paralyzes and kills parasites.

Macrocyclic lactones bind to GluCls, locking the channel open, causing chloride influx, hyperpolarization, and paralysis of invertebrates.