Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic (iGluR)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels activated by glutamate, mediating fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They are crucial for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. iGluRs function as tetramers, with each subunit containing an N-terminal domain (NTD), a ligand-binding domain (LBD), a transmembrane domain (TMD), and an intracellular C-terminal domain (CTD). The three main subtypes are AMPA, NMDA, and Kainate receptors, each with distinct pharmacology and ion permeabilities. iGluRs regulate numerous processes in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system, and are implicated in various neurological diseases.

Other names

iGluRsIonotropic Glutamate Receptors

Ligand binding to the extracellular domain causes a conformational change, opening the ion channel pore and allowing the influx of cations (Na+, K+, and/or Ca2+), leading to neuronal depolarization and excitatory postsynaptic currents. NMDA receptors require both glutamate and a co-agonist (glycine or serine) binding, as well as membrane depolarization to relieve Mg2+ block.