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Glutaredoxin Enzyme System (GRX)
- Target
- GRX
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Oxidoreductase, Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase
01
Overview
The Glutaredoxin (Grx) enzyme system plays a critical role in maintaining redox homeostasis by catalyzing the reversible glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of proteins. This system, comprised of glutaredoxin enzymes, glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase, and NADPH, is involved in various cellular processes, including antioxidant defense, DNA synthesis, iron-sulfur cluster assembly, and signal transduction. Grxs are small redox enzymes that utilize glutathione as a cofactor, and their dysregulation has been linked to several diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
- Other names
- ThioltransferaseGlutathione-dependent reductase
02
Mechanism of action
Catalyzes reversible transfer/removal of GSH from cysteine residues on target proteins, regulating redox state.
03
Biological functions
Redox homeostasisAntioxidant defenseS-glutathionylation/deglutathionylationDNA synthesis/repairIron-sulfur cluster biogenesisMetabolic regulationSignal transduction
04
Disease associations
Neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Parkinson’s disease)Cancer development/progressionImmune dysfunctionsMetabolic disorders related to glucose metabolismMitochondrial dysfunction
05
Safety considerations
Dysregulation or loss-of-function can contribute to disease.
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