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Gluten Immunogenic Peptide (None)
- Target
- None
- Molecular classification
- Peptide, Prolamin fragment
01
Overview
Gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) are specific amino acid sequences within gluten proteins, primarily from wheat gliadins, barley hordeins, and rye secalins, that trigger immune responses in individuals with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. These peptides are resistant to gastrointestinal proteolysis and can bind HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules after deamidation by tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2), leading to T-cell activation and inflammation.
- Other names
- GIPα-gliadin 33-merGliadin 33-merDQ2-glia-α1aDQ2-glia-ω1
02
Mechanism of action
N/A
03
Biological functions
Immune responseT-cell activationHLA bindingAntigen presentation
04
Disease associations
Celiac diseaseNon-celiac gluten sensitivity
05
Safety considerations
ImmunogenicityResistance to proteolysis
06
Biomarkers
Fecal GIPs (for dietary compliance)Serum GIPs (for disease activity)
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