Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1)

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) is a cytoplasmic NAD+-dependent enzyme involved in the reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, simultaneously oxidizing NADH to NAD+[5]. This metabolic step is essential for integrating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, serving both as the backbone for triglyceride and phospholipid biosynthesis and as part of the glycerol phosphate shuttle that facilitates electron transfer from cytosol to mitochondria[4][5]. GPD1 is highly expressed in adipose tissues and plays a critical role in determining whole-body energy balance and fat storage. Dysregulation of GPD1 is implicated in several metabolic diseases (such as obesity, fatty liver, and hypertriglyceridemia) and acts as a tumor suppressor in cancer, notably in breast cancer where its decreased expression correlates with poor prognosis[4][5].

Other names

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+)GPDH-Calpha glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseGPDHGlycerolphosphate dehydrogenase

Inhibition or activation of GPD1 alters the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol-3-phosphate, impacting triglyceride synthesis and redox balance. Dysregulation can affect lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis as well as alter cancer cell proliferation[4][5].