Glycine Receptor Subunit Alpha-1 (GlyR α1)

Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 (GlyR α1) is a protein that forms part of the glycine receptor, a pentameric ligand-gated chloride channel that mediates fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Activation by glycine leads to chloride influx, hyperpolarization, and reduced neuronal excitability. Mutations in GLRA1, the gene encoding GlyR α1, can cause hyperekplexia (startle disease). The receptor is also implicated in stiff-person syndrome spectrum disorders. Pharmacological modulation of the receptor affects motor control, respiratory rhythm, and pain signaling.

Other names

Glycine receptor, alpha 1Glycine receptor strychnine-binding subunitSTHE

Glycine and other agonists bind to the extracellular domain of the GlyR α1 subunit, leading to the opening of the chloride channel. This influx of chloride ions hyperpolarizes the neuron, reducing its excitability and mediating inhibitory neurotransmission. Strychnine blocks glycine binding, acting as an antagonist. Ethanol enhances channel opening, acting as a positive allosteric modulator.