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Glycogen Synthase
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Glycosyltransferase
01
Overview
Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-α-D-glucosyltransferase; EC 2.4.1.11) is a key enzyme in glycogenesis, the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into glycogen for storage in animals and humans. It catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to a growing chain of glycogen, forming α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. There are two main isozymes: GYS1 (muscle and other tissues) and GYS2 (liver). It is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and allosterically activated by glucose-6-phosphate. Dysregulation can contribute to metabolic diseases such as diabetes or certain forms of hypoglycemia.
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of glycogen synthase
03
Biological functions
GlycogenesisGlucose metabolismEnergy storageRegulation of blood glucose levels
04
Disease associations
DiabetesHypoglycemiaGlycogen storage diseasesIschemia/Hypoxia
05
Safety considerations
Excessive glycogen storageInsufficient glycogen storage
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