Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper(II) complex (GHK-Cu)

Copper tripeptide-1 (GHK-Cu) is a naturally occurring copper-complexed tripeptide found in human plasma, composed of glycine, histidine, and lysine residues chelated to a copper(II) ion. Discovered in the 1970s, it is best known for its roles in tissue regeneration, wound healing, skin repair, and anti-aging. GHK-Cu modulates gene expression, increases collagen and elastin synthesis, inhibits pro-inflammatory signals, and promotes blood vessel and nerve growth, contributing to improved skin health and hair growth. It is widely used in topical dermatological and cosmetic formulations with a strong safety and efficacy record, although it is not a classical pharmacological "target" such as a receptor or enzyme.

Other names

Copper peptideCopper tripeptide-1GHK-CuPrezatide copperGlycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex

Modulates gene expression for ECM proteins (collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans); Inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (enzyme family degrading ECM); Activates superoxide dismutase (SOD) for antioxidant effects; Suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, IL-1, TNF-α); Promotes keratinocyte/fibroblast proliferation and migration; Stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for angiogenesis.