Gold nanoparticle localized surface plasmon resonance (AuNP-LSPR)

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) refers to the collective oscillation of conduction electrons on the surface of gold nanostructures when excited by specific wavelengths of light. This physical phenomenon is a cornerstone of modern nanomedicine, enabling applications in highly sensitive diagnostics, targeted imaging, and innovative therapies. In therapeutics, the plasmonic effect is primarily harnessed for photothermal therapy (PTT), where near-infrared (NIR) light is converted into localized heat to selectively destroy malignant cells or pathogens. Additionally, the enhanced electromagnetic fields at the gold surface facilitate Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), allowing for the detection of low-concentration biomarkers in complex biological fluids. While gold itself is chemically inert, the large surface area and unique optical properties of AuNPs allow for the delivery of high drug payloads and precision targeting through surface functionalization with ligands like antibodies. However, challenges regarding the long-term biodistribution and potential toxicity of non-biodegradable nanoparticles remain a significant concern for clinical translation.

Other names

Localized surface plasmon resonanceLSPRPlasmonic electrons of gold nanoparticlesSurface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticlesAuNP plasmons

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is the collective, coherent oscillation of conduction electrons in gold nanoparticles in response to an incident electromagnetic field [1, 5, 18]. This phenomenon leads to strong absorption and scattering of light, with the absorbed energy being efficiently converted into localized heat through non-radiative relaxation, a process known as the photothermal effect [1, 3, 16]. In photothermal therapy (PTT), this heat is used to induce hyperthermia and selective thermal ablation of diseased cells, such as malignant tumors or bacteria [1, 15, 16]. Additionally, the LSPR effect generates intense electromagnetic fields at the nanoparticle surface, which facilitates Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and other high-sensitivity biosensing techniques for the detection of low-concentration biomarkers [8, 11, 13].