Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hypothalamic decapeptide hormone that plays a central role in regulating reproductive function. It stimulates the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary, which in turn regulate gonadal function, including sex steroid production and gametogenesis. The pulsatile nature of GnRH secretion is critical for its normal function, and continuous administration can lead to receptor downregulation and suppression of gonadotropin secretion. GnRH and its analogs are used clinically to treat a variety of conditions, including infertility, precocious puberty, and hormone-sensitive cancers.

Other names

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing HormoneLHRHGonadotrophin-releasing hormoneLuliberin

GnRH agonists initially stimulate and then downregulate GnRH receptors in the pituitary, leading to decreased LH and FSH secretion. GnRH antagonists competitively bind to GnRH receptors, blocking GnRH signaling.