GRAM domain-containing protein 1A (GRAMD1A)

GRAM domain-containing protein 1A (GRAMD1A), also known as Protein Aster-A, is a mammalian cholesterol transporter localized primarily at the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane contact sites[1][2][7]. GRAMD1A contains a GRAM domain that senses cholesterol and an ASTER/VASt domain that binds and transports cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum, supporting cellular cholesterol homeostasis[2][3][7]. It is ubiquitously expressed, with higher levels in the central nervous system[2]. GRAMD1A is essential for autophagosome biogenesis and regulates autophagy via its cholesterol transfer activity[1][4][6]. Upregulation of GRAMD1A is associated with poor prognosis and enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion in multiple cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma and kidney cancer, often via STAT5 signaling pathways[6][11][12]. While no clinical drugs currently target GRAMD1A, the protein is considered both a promising diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in oncology and metabolic research[6][8][12].

Other names

Protein Aster-AAster-AKIAA1533FLJ90346GRAM domain-containing protein 1AGRAMD1A

Inhibition of cholesterol transfer by blocking GRAMD1A function (preclinical chemical tools only). Downregulation or knockdown suppresses proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells through autophagy and cholesterol trafficking pathways.