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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Gram-negative Bacteria at the Lower Esophageal Sphincter
- Molecular classification
- Microbiota, Bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria
01
Overview
Gram-negative bacterial populations increase at the lower esophageal sphincter during various forms of mucosal injury or disease. Their products—especially LPS—activate host immune responses that relax smooth muscle tone at this critical junction while promoting chronic inflammation. These changes underlie much of GERD pathogenesis and its complications including Barrett's metaplasia and cancer risk. Targeted modulation of this microbial community represents an emerging therapeutic strategy for related diseases.
- Other names
- Gram-negative flora at LESDistal esophageal Gram-negative bacteria
02
Mechanism of action
LPS-mediated TLR activation leading to inflammation and LES relaxation
03
Biological functions
Inflammation inductionImmune response modulationNitric oxide productionGastrointestinal physiology modulation
04
Disease associations
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)Barrett's Esophagus (BE)EsophagitisEsophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC) risk factor
05
Safety considerations
Potential for dysbiosis with broad-spectrum antibioticsRisk of promoting antibiotic resistanceUnintended consequences of microbiome modulation
06
Interacting drugs
Antibiotics (e.g., to modulate gut flora)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
LPS levelsSpecific Gram-negative bacterial species abundance (e.g., Prevotella)Inflammatory cytokine levels (e.g., IL-8, IL-1β)
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