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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Granzyme K (GrK)
- Target
- GrK
- Molecular classification
- Serine protease, Enzyme
01
Overview
Granzyme K (GZMK) is a serine protease primarily expressed in cytotoxic lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), where it plays key roles in immune defense and immunoregulation. It induces apoptosis via caspase-independent mechanisms, cleaving substrates such as SET, Bid, Ape1, and p53. Extracellularly, it activates endothelial cells and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine responses by cleaving and activating Protease Activated Receptor 1 (PAR-1) and enhancing LPS–CD14 complex formation, augmenting Toll-like receptor 4 signaling.
- Other names
- TRYP2granzyme K
02
Mechanism of action
Serine protease-mediated cleavage of intracellular and extracellular substrates, leading to apoptosis and inflammatory signaling.
03
Biological functions
ApoptosisImmune responseCytokine productionInnate immunityProteolysis
04
Disease associations
Viral infectionsBacterial infectionsAutoimmune diseasesAirway inflammationSepsisThermal injuryChronic inflammationInflammaging
05
Safety considerations
Potential for off-target effects due to broad substrate specificityModulation of inflammatory pathways requires careful consideration to avoid excessive or insufficient immune responses
06
Biomarkers
Elevated Granzyme K levels in infections, autoimmunity, and inflammation
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