Grape seed extract (GSE)

Grape seed extract is a standardized botanical extract derived from the seeds of Vitis vinifera (grape), notable for its high content of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and related polyphenols such as catechins, gallic acid, and other flavonoids[1][2][3][4][5]. It is widely used as a dietary supplement for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, being 15–50 times more effective than vitamin E and C in some assays. Grape seed extract is promoted for cardiovascular health, cancer prevention (in vitro only), anti-aging effects, and claims related to eye health and skin protection, though large-scale human evidence remains limited and heterogenous[1][2][4][5]. It is not a single chemical entity, nor a protein-based molecular target, and should not be classified as a therapeutic target for drug development in the traditional sense.

Other names

ProanthocyanidinGSEVitis vinifera seed extractGrape seed P.E.Grape, red, extractVitis vinifera leaf extractGrape skin

Antioxidant (scavenging reactive oxygen species); Inhibits lipid peroxidation; Modulates inflammatory mediators (histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes); Inhibits fat-metabolizing enzymes (pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase); Potential apoptosis induction (in vitro, cancer cells)