Grass pollen-specific CD4+ T-cell receptor (TCR)

Grass pollen-specific CD4+ T-cell receptors (TCRs) are specialized protein complexes on the surface of helper T lymphocytes that mediate the immune system's response to environmental allergens. These receptors specifically recognize peptide fragments from grass pollen proteins, such as Phl p 1 and Phl p 5, when they are presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II molecules (Wambre et al., 2012, Science Translational Medicine). In sensitized individuals, the interaction between the TCR and the MHC-peptide complex triggers the activation of Th2 cells, leading to the release of cytokines like IL-4 and IL-13 (Archila et al., 2014, Journal of Immunology). This process is fundamental to the development of Type I hypersensitivity, driving IgE production and subsequent mast cell degranulation. These TCRs are the primary targets for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), which seeks to modify the immune response through gradual desensitization (Durham & Shamji, 2023, Nature Reviews Immunology). By modulating TCR signaling through chronic exposure, AIT can induce T-cell anergy or promote the differentiation of IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells. Consequently, these receptors are critical for both the manifestation of allergic disease and the success of disease-modifying treatments.

Other names

Grass pollen-specific TCRAllergen-specific T-cell receptorPhleum pratense-specific TCRMHC class II-restricted grass pollen TCRCD4+ T-cell receptors recognizing grass pollen–derived peptides presented on MHC class II

Induction of immune tolerance through T-cell anergy, deletion of allergen-specific Th2 cells, and the promotion of regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation.