Target intelligence / Profile preview

Gremlin-1 (GREM1)

Target: GREM1
Molecular classification: Secreted protein, BMP antagonist

Overview

Gremlin-1 is a secreted protein that functions as an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7. It plays critical roles in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and disease processes such as fibrosis and cancer. Overexpression or dysregulation of Gremlin-1 has been implicated in various diseases, including promoting carcinogenesis and fibrotic diseases.

Other names: GREM1

Mechanism of action

Direct binding and sequestration of BMPs, preventing their interaction with cell surface receptors. Promotes vascularization via interaction with VEGF receptors. Modulation of TGF-beta pathway.

Biological functions

BMP antagonismAngiogenesisEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)Limb bud outgrowthKidney organogenesisLung branching morphogenesisFibroblast activation

Disease associations

Cancer progressionCancer invasionCancer metastasisFibrosis

Safety considerations

Antibody limitations for protein detection.Potential for off-target effects due to broad developmental roles of BMPs.

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