Drug pipeline
Full profile accessExplore the programs pursuing this target and their development progress.
- Drug candidates
- Developers
- Development stage
Target intelligence / Profile preview
Gremlin-2 (GREM2)
- Target
- GREM2
- Molecular classification
- BMP antagonist, Cytokine, Secreted signaling molecule, Other (no established family such as GPCR, ion channel, etc.)
01
Overview
Gremlin-2 (GREM2) is a secreted protein that acts as an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP2 and BMP4. It belongs to the DAN family of BMP antagonists, characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot motif. GREM2 modulates embryonic development, organogenesis, and tissue differentiation through direct inhibition of BMP signaling. Recent evidence has identified GREM2 as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, reducing cell proliferation and migration by repressing BMP2-induced ID1 expression. GREM2 also attenuates post-infarct inflammation in the heart and regulates osteogenic differentiation. Its expression is associated with disease prognosis in several contexts, notably in certain cancers and dental disorders.
- Other names
- Gremlin 2DAN family BMP antagonistGREM-2
02
Mechanism of action
Acts by binding and neutralizing BMP2 and BMP4, preventing BMP signaling. Inhibits cell proliferation via antagonism of BMP2-ID1 axis in cancer.
03
Biological functions
Regulation of organogenesisRegulation of tissue differentiationNegative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalingNegative regulation of cell proliferation (in cancer context)Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
04
Disease associations
Cancer (tumor suppressor in breast cancer and other contexts)Cardiovascular disease (attenuates inflammation following myocardial infarction)Tooth agenesis (inherited dental disorders)Possible roles in other developmental disorders
05
Safety considerations
No established clinical trials targeting GREM2, so the safety profile is unknownAs a developmental and homeostatic regulator, systemic modulation could impact normal BMP-dependent developmental or repair processes
06
Biomarkers
Low tumor GREM2 expression or high promoter methylation is linked to worse survival in breast cancerPromoter methylation status may serve as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker
Beyond the preview
Go deeper on Gremlin-2 (GREM2).
Explore the evidence, development activity, and competitive landscape with Gosset’s full data platform.
Clinical trials
Full profile accessFollow the clinical studies evaluating therapies directed at this target.
- Trial design
- Status
- Readouts
Competitive landscape
Full profile accessCompare approaches across drug candidates, modalities, and indications.
- Programs
- Modalities
- Indications
Literature & evidence
Full profile accessInvestigate the research and source evidence behind target biology and development.
- Publications
- Sources
- Analysis
Patents
Full profile accessExplore patent activity around therapies and technologies addressing this target.
- Patents
- Assignees
- Technologies
Research & analysis
Full profile accessConnect target biology, drug development, and emerging evidence in your research.
- Biology
- Development news
- Analysis
Bring the full picture into focus.
See how Gosset can support your research on Gremlin-2 (GREM2).