Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma (GADD45G)

Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma (GADD45G) is a stress-responsive adaptor protein encoded by the GADD45G gene on chromosome 9.[1] It is part of the GADD45 family of proteins, which play central roles in cellular responses to genotoxic and non-genotoxic stress, acting primarily as stress sensors and tumor suppressors.[1][3] GADD45G is involved in multiple processes, including regulation of the cell cycle (notably G2/M checkpoint control through inhibition of CDK1/Cyclin B1 kinase activity), facilitation of DNA repair, modulation of apoptosis, and engagement of key signaling pathways such as p38 and JNK MAPK via interaction with MTK1/MEKK4.[1][2][3] Its expression can be rapidly upregulated following DNA damage and environmental stressors, and it interfaces with proteins involved in DNA repair (e.g., PCNA), cell cycle regulation (e.g., p21, CDK1), and tumor suppression.[1][2][3] GADD45G dimerizes to execute its functions, and loss or reduction in GADD45G expression has been strongly linked to tumorigenesis and poor cancer prognosis. Additionally, it plays roles in human-specific neural development, male sexual differentiation, and response to immune stimuli.[1][3][4]

Other names

GADD45 gammaCR6DDIT2GRP17OIG37GADD45gammaCytokine-responsive protein CR6DNA damage-inducible transcript 2 proteingadd-related protein, 17 kDgrowth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible gamma

Drug-induced upregulation leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells[3] - Inhibition of CDK1/Cyclin B1 kinase activity, resulting in G2/M arrest[3] - Activation of p38 and JNK signaling pathways via MTK1 interaction[1][2][3]