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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11)
- Target
- GDF11
- Molecular classification
- TGF-β superfamily, Bone morphogenetic protein
01
Overview
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and plays diverse roles in development, physiology, and disease. It is expressed in multiple tissues and is involved in embryological development, muscle biology, aging, and various diseases including cancer. Its role as a "rejuvenation factor" is controversial, with conflicting results regarding its precise role in aging and disease.
- Other names
- Bone morphogenetic protein 11BMP-11
02
Mechanism of action
Activates Smad-dependent and non-Smad signaling pathways, primarily through ALK5-mediated SMAD2/3 phosphorylation.
03
Biological functions
Embryonic developmentSkeletal system developmentCentral nervous system developmentBlood vessel formationKidney morphogenesisMyoblast differentiation regulationMuscle regeneration regulationAging regulationTissue regeneration
04
Disease associations
CancerCardiovascular diseaseDiabetes mellitusNeurodegenerative diseasesOsteoporosisPulmonary dysfunction
05
Safety considerations
Conflicting results regarding its role in aging and diseasePotential to promote atrophyPotential to promote certain cancers
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