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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15)
- Target
- GDF-15
- Molecular classification
- TGF-beta superfamily member, Growth factor, Cytokine
01
Overview
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF‑β) superfamily. It is a stress-induced cytokine with roles in regulating inflammation, metabolism, and appetite. Elevated levels are associated with several diseases, and it is being investigated as a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic disorders due to its appetite-suppressing effects mediated through the CNS receptor GFRAL–RET complex.
- Other names
- Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1MIC-1Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-inducible geneNAG-1Placental transforming growth factor-betapTGFBProstate-derived factorPDFPlacental bone morphogenetic proteinPLAB
02
Mechanism of action
Appetite suppression via GFRAL-RET signaling in the hindbrain; modulation of inflammatory pathways and energy metabolism.
03
Biological functions
Regulation of inflammatory pathwaysModulation of apoptosis and cell repairInvolvement in angiogenesis and cell growthAppetite suppressionRegulation of metabolismImmune modulationEnergy homeostasis
04
Disease associations
CancerCardiovascular diseaseInflammation-related disordersMetabolic syndromeObesityMitochondrial myopathiesLiver injuryKidney injuryHeart injuryLung injuryDiabetes
05
Biomarkers
Cancer prognosis (high levels correlate with poor outcomes)Mitochondrial myopathy diagnosisCardiovascular diseaseInflammation-related disordersMetabolic syndrome/obesityLiver/kidney/heart/lung injuries
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