Growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6)

Bone morphogenetic protein 13 (BMP-13), also known as growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6), is a secreted cytokine in the TGF-β superfamily that regulates skeletal development, particularly by inhibiting differentiation of precursor stem cells into bone (osteogenic) lineage while promoting chondrogenesis (cartilage development). BMP-13 is expressed during embryogenesis in developing cartilage and postnatally in articular cartilage, suggesting it maintains cartilage homeostasis and prevents premature ossification. Mutations affecting this protein are linked to congenital skeletal abnormalities and joint fusions. It acts through TGF-β pathways and influences the balance between bone and cartilage in multiple tissues, including the eye and tendons. Recombinant protein is in research use for tissue repair and regeneration, but is not yet an approved therapeutic drug.

Other names

Bone morphogenetic protein 13 (BMP-13)Growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6)Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 (CDMP-2)Growth/differentiation factor 6BMP13CDMP2

When applied experimentally, recombinant BMP-13 binds TGF-β receptors and activates SMAD signaling pathways, generally inhibiting osteogenic differentiation and enhancing chondrogenic matrix synthesis in mesenchymal stromal cells. In tissue engineering, gene transfer or administration of BMP-13 may regulate cartilage growth or block excess bone formation.