Myostatin (None)

Myostatin, also known as growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), is a secreted protein that acts as a key negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and development. It is almost exclusively expressed in skeletal muscles, where it functions both before and after birth to limit muscle mass by inhibiting myoblast proliferation and differentiation. It signals through ActRIIB/A receptors, activating SMAD2/3 and inhibiting Akt signaling. Dysregulation contributes to muscle wasting, while inhibition is explored for treating muscle loss diseases.

Other names

GDF-8Growth Differentiation Factor 8MSTN

Binds activin type II receptors (ActRIIB > ActRIIA), activates SMAD2/3 signaling, inhibits Akt signaling, and promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of muscle proteins, ultimately inhibiting myoblast proliferation and differentiation.