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Growth hormone 1 (GH1 (also commonly referred to as GH or hGH for human growth hormone))
- Target
- GH1 (also commonly referred to as GH or hGH for human growth hormone)
- Molecular classification
- Gene (for GH1), Hormone precursor/protein-coding gene family member
01
Overview
The growth hormone 1 (GH1) gene encodes human pituitary-derived growth hormone, also called somatotropin. This peptide consists of 191 amino acids and plays an essential role in regulating postnatal body/tissue/bone/muscle development by stimulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolic processes. The GH1 locus resides on chromosome 17q22-q24 within a cluster containing several related genes arising from duplication events; alternative splicing generates multiple isoforms. Mutations/deletions can result in isolated or combined pituitary hormonal deficiencies manifesting as short stature or other endocrine abnormalities. While drugs do not act on this gene directly, recombinant forms of its protein product are widely used therapeutically for various forms of hypopituitarism/growth failure.
- Other names
- Pituitary growth hormoneSomatotropinHuman growth hormone (hGH)GH-N (normal pituitary form)Recombinant somatotropinRecombinant human growth hormone
02
Mechanism of action
Replacement therapy with recombinant hGH acts by binding to the growth hormone receptor, stimulating downstream signaling pathways that promote tissue/linear bone/muscle/fat metabolism changes similar to endogenous GH action.
03
Biological functions
Regulation of postnatal body growthStimulation of mitosis and cell differentiationPromotion of protein synthesis and fat breakdownIndirect stimulation of tissue growth via IGF‑1 production in liver and other tissues
04
Disease associations
Growth disorders due to deficiency or excess:Short stature/dwarfism from deficiencyAcromegaly/gigantism from excess secretionGenetic mutations can cause isolated growth-hormone deficiency syndromesPsychosocial dwarfism
05
Safety considerations
Risk of glucose intolerance/diabetes mellitus due to antagonistic effects on insulin action.Potential increased risk for neoplasia/cancer progression in predisposed individuals.Edema, arthralgia/myalgia, intracranial hypertension are known side effects when using exogenous hGH.
06
Interacting drugs
Recombinant human growth hormones such as somatropin/somatrem/hGH analogs
07
Biomarkers
Serum IGF‑1 levels are used clinically to monitor efficacy and dosing adequacy during recombinant hGH therapy.Direct measurement of serum GH may also be used but is less reliable due to pulsatile secretion patterns.
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