Guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gs subunit alpha (Gs alpha (Gαs))

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gs subunit alpha (Gs alpha, Gαs) is the stimulatory alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein Gs. It acts as a molecular transducer for a wide range of cell surface receptors, especially G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), translating extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Upon activation by a receptor, Gs alpha exchanges GDP for GTP, dissociates from the beta-gamma complex, and activates adenylyl cyclase, dramatically raising intracellular cAMP levels. This second messenger then triggers several downstream pathways, notably Protein Kinase A (PKA) activation. Mutations in the Gs alpha gene (GNAS) are implicated in various diseases, including McCune-Albright syndrome and parathyroid hormone resistance[2][4][7]. Gs alpha is a well-established therapeutic target in endocrinology, neuroscience, and oncology.

Other names

Gs alpha subunitGαsGsαGTP-binding protein alpha subunit GsStimulatory G protein alpha subunit

Drugs may activate Gs-coupled GPCRs, leading to Gαs-mediated stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and increased cAMP. Some mutations cause constitutive activation, inducing cAMP production independently of GPCR stimulation.