Gut-brain axis mediators (GBA mediators)

The gut-brain axis mediators consist of a diverse array of signaling molecules, including neuropeptides, hormones, neurotransmitters, and microbial metabolites, that facilitate bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (Cryan et al., 2019, Physiological Reviews). Key mediators such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), serotonin (5-HT), ghrelin, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) act through various pathways, including the vagus nerve, systemic circulation, and immune signaling (Mayer, 2011, Nature Reviews Neuroscience). These molecules play critical roles in regulating energy homeostasis, appetite, gastrointestinal motility, and emotional states (Carabotti et al., 2015, Annals of Gastroenterology). Dysregulation of these mediators is strongly associated with metabolic disorders like obesity, functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, and neuropsychiatric conditions including anxiety and depression. Pharmacological strategies often target specific receptors within this axis, such as GLP-1 receptors for diabetes or serotonin receptors for motility disorders. However, because the term "Gut-brain axis mediators" refers to a broad physiological system rather than a single molecular entity, it is considered a category of targets rather than a specific therapeutic target itself.

Other names

Microbiota-gut-brain axis mediatorsGut-brain signaling moleculesEnteric-nervous system mediatorsGBA signaling molecules

Modulation of vagal nerve signaling, activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on enteroendocrine cells, and regulation of neuroinflammation via systemic or neural pathways.