Gut Ecosystem and Host Immune System

The term "Gut Ecosystem and Host Immune System" encompasses the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiota—a complex community of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract—and the host immune system[1][2][3][4]. The gut microbiota produces metabolites and antigens that can both directly and indirectly regulate local and systemic immune responses, including the maturation of immune cells, maintenance of mucosal barrier function, and secretion of immunoglobulins (such as IgA)[2][3][4][5][6]. Disruptions to this relationship (e.g., gut dysbiosis) are implicated in a range of diseases, including chronic inflammation, infections, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, immune-mediated diseases, and some cancers[2][4]. This area is a key focus for interventions such as probiotics, dietary modulation, and fecal microbiota transplantation, but is not itself a molecular, cellular, or receptor-level target.

Other names

Microbiota-immune axisGut microbiome-immune system interaction

Modulation of microbial populations (antibiotics, probiotics); Enhancement/restoration of mucosal immunity (probiotics/prebiotics); Alteration of immune signaling by microbial metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids); Suppression or activation of inflammation.