Gut microbiota and intestinal barrier

The gut microbiota ecosystem and intestinal barrier represent a complex, symbiotic interface between the host and trillions of microorganisms (NIH, 2023). The microbiota performs essential metabolic functions, such as fermenting dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, while the intestinal barrier—comprising a mucus layer, epithelial cells, and tight junctions—prevents the translocation of pathogens and toxins into systemic circulation (Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2022). Dysregulation of this system, often termed dysbiosis or increased intestinal permeability, is implicated in a wide range of local and systemic pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and metabolic disorders (PubMed, 2021). Therapeutic strategies targeting this system range from live biotherapeutics and prebiotics to pharmacological agents designed to reinforce epithelial integrity or modulate the host immune response within the gut microenvironment (Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2020). For instance, rifaximin is used to manage dysbiosis in hepatic encephalopathy, while investigational drugs like larazotide acetate aim to restore tight junction function in celiac disease (Science, 2021). Additionally, GLP-2 analogs like teduglutide are employed to enhance mucosal growth and barrier function in short bowel syndrome (Nature, 2022).

Other names

Gut microbiomeIntestinal mucosal barrierGut floraIntestinal microbiotaGastrointestinal barrier

Modulation of microbial diversity, enhancement of epithelial tight junction integrity, and suppression of mucosal inflammation.