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H+-ATPase Proton Pump (H+-ATPase)
- Target
- H+-ATPase
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Transporter, P-type ATPases, Rotary ATPases
01
Overview
The H+-ATPase proton pump is a membrane-bound enzyme that uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport protons (H+) across biological membranes, thereby generating and maintaining electrochemical gradients essential for various cellular processes. There are two main types in eukaryotes: the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) and the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). PM H+-ATPases are found in the plasma membrane and pump protons from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space. V-ATPases are located on intracellular organelle membranes and pump protons into organelle lumens. Both types are crucial for pH regulation and cellular activities.
- Other names
- Proton PumpPlasma Membrane H+-ATPasePM H+-ATPaseVacuolar-type H+-ATPaseV-ATPase
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of proton transport
03
Biological functions
Proton transportElectrochemical gradient generationpH homeostasisNutrient uptakeCell expansion (plants)Stomatal movement (plants)Renal acidification (animals)Bone resorption (animals)Sperm maturation (animals)Protein degradationVesicle trafficking
04
Disease associations
Cancer progressionNeurodegenerative diseasesDiabetes mellitusOther (physiological disorders related to pH regulation and cellular signaling)
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