Hamamelis virginiana bark distillate

Hamamelis virginiana bark distillate, commonly known as witch hazel, is a botanical extract derived from the bark and twigs of the Hamamelis virginiana plant (PubChem CID 23667640). It is not a single molecular target but a complex mixture containing tannins, flavonoids, and volatile oils that exert therapeutic effects through multiple pathways. The primary pharmacological action is astringency, where tannins cross-link proteins on the skin surface to form a protective layer and reduce inflammation (NIH: MedlinePlus). Additionally, the extract possesses antioxidant properties and can inhibit enzymes like alpha-glucosidase and elastase, contributing to its use in treating vascular and skin disorders (PubMed: 23742158). Clinically, it is a standard ingredient in topical treatments for hemorrhoids, minor skin irritations, and varicose veins due to its soothing and vasoconstrictive properties.

Other names

Witch hazelHamamelis waterWinterbloomSnapping hazelHamamelis virginiana extract

The mechanism of action is primarily attributed to the presence of tannins, particularly hamamelitannin, which act as astringents by precipitating proteins and constricting blood vessels (EMA/HMPC/114831/2008). It also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators like leukotriene B4 and inhibiting enzymes such as elastase (PubMed: 12587692).