Heart septal defect (null)

A heart septal defect refers to a congenital malformation where there is a hole in the wall (septum) separating either the top (atria) or bottom (ventricles) chambers of the heart. The two most common forms are **ventricular septal defect (VSD)** and **atrial septal defect (ASD)**. These defects allow abnormal blood flow between chambers, leading to inefficient circulation, potential overloading of the lungs, and possible long-term complications including heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmia, and stroke[1][2][4][5]. Diagnosis often involves detection of a heart murmur and imaging with echocardiogram. Small defects may close spontaneously; larger ones often require surgical or device-based closure. Medicines manage symptoms but do not close the defect[1][2][5].

Other names

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)Atrial septal defect (ASD)Hole in the heartConoventricular ventricular septal defectPerimembranous ventricular septal defectInlet ventricular septal defectMuscular ventricular septal defect

Symptomatic relief (e.g., fluid reduction, blood pressure control); closure via surgery or device occlusion