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Heavy Metals

Molecular classification: Inorganic Compounds, Metals, Metalloids

Overview

Heavy metals are a group of naturally occurring metallic elements characterized by their relatively high density, atomic weight, or atomic number. They can be both essential micronutrients and highly toxic substances, depending on the specific metal and concentration. Toxicity arises from mechanisms like protein/enzyme binding, oxidative stress, and ionic mimicry, leading to various health issues including neurological disorders, kidney dysfunction, and cancer. Their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation pose significant ecological risks.

Biological functions

Micronutrient (some)Enzyme InhibitionProtein dysfunctionOxidative Stress InductionIonic Mimicry

Disease associations

NeurotoxicityNephrotoxicityCarcinogenicityDevelopmental ToxicityGastrointestinal DiseaseImmune System Impairment

Safety considerations

Acute ToxicityChronic ToxicityBioaccumulationEnvironmental PersistenceMulti-organ Damage

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