Helicobacter pylori cell envelope

The Helicobacter pylori cell envelope is a complex, multi-layered structure characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria, consisting of an inner cytoplasmic membrane, a thin peptidoglycan layer, and an outer membrane. This envelope serves as the primary interface between the bacterium and the harsh, acidic environment of the human stomach, facilitating survival through the expression of urease and various adhesins like BabA and SabA [1][2]. It plays a critical role in pathogenesis by mediating attachment to gastric epithelial cells and employing lipopolysaccharides that mimic host Lewis antigens to evade immune detection [3]. Therapeutically, the cell envelope is a major target for antibiotics; for instance, beta-lactams like amoxicillin disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer, leading to bacterial lysis [4]. Additionally, bismuth-based compounds exert bactericidal effects by binding to the cell wall and interfering with membrane function and enzyme activity [5]. Understanding the structural integrity and transport mechanisms of the H. pylori envelope is essential for overcoming increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings [1].

Other names

Helicobacter pylori cell wallH. pylori bacterial surfaceH. pylori outer membrane

Inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and direct disruption of the bacterial membrane or surface-associated enzymes.