Helicobacter pylori cellular membrane and biofilm matrix

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa, leading to chronic inflammation and various gastrointestinal pathologies. The cellular membrane and the biofilm matrix represent the primary physical barriers protecting the organism from the harsh acidic environment of the stomach and host immune defenses (Kusters et al., 2006, Clin Microbiol Rev). The membrane is characterized by a unique lipopolysaccharide structure and various outer membrane proteins that facilitate adhesion and nutrient transport. The biofilm matrix is a complex assembly of extracellular polymeric substances, including polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA, which significantly enhances the bacterium's resistance to antibiotic penetration (Hathroubi et al., 2018, Front Microbiol). Therapeutic strategies often target these structures; for instance, beta-lactam antibiotics like amoxicillin interfere with cell wall assembly, while bismuth compounds and certain mucolytics like N-acetylcysteine are used to disrupt the protective biofilm (StatPearls, 2023; Yonezawa et al., 2015, Helicobacter). Understanding the interplay between the membrane and the biofilm is crucial for developing effective treatments against H. pylori-related diseases, including peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.

Other names

H. pylori cell envelopeH. pylori extracellular polymeric substancesH. pylori EPSH. pylori biofilm

Inhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, disruption of bacterial membrane potential, and enzymatic or chemical degradation of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix (StatPearls, 2023; Hathroubi et al., 2018, Front Microbiol).