Target intelligence / Profile preview

Hemagglutinin Protein of Influenza A H3N2 (HA)

Target: HA
Molecular classification: Glycoprotein, Viral protein, Lectin

Overview

Hemagglutinin (HA) is a surface glycoprotein of the Influenza A H3N2 virus, essential for viral entry. As a homotrimer, each monomer is cleaved into HA1 (receptor binding) and HA2 (membrane fusion) subunits. HA binds to sialic acid receptors on host cells, triggering endocytosis and membrane fusion in acidic endosomes. The HA protein is also a major target for vaccine development, with seasonal flu vaccines updated based on circulating HA variants.

Other names: H3N2 HemagglutininHA proteinHemagglutininA/Hong Kong/1/1968 H3N2 HAA/Hong Kong/45/2019 H3N2 HA

Mechanism of action

Mediates viral entry into host cells by binding to sialic acid receptors and facilitating fusion of the viral and endosomal membranes. Antibodies block receptor binding or fusion.

Biological functions

Viral attachmentMembrane fusionReceptor bindingImmune response

Disease associations

InfectionInfluenzaRespiratory disease

Safety considerations

Antigenic drift (mutations leading to vaccine mismatch)Antigenic shift (reassortment leading to novel pandemic strains)Potential for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in some contexts

Interacting drugs

Neuraminidase inhibitors (indirectly, by reducing viral spread)

1 more in the full profile.

Biomarkers

HA titer (antibody levels against HA)HA sequence variations (antigenic drift)

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