Hemolysis

Hemolysis is the breakdown or destruction of red blood cells (erythrocytes) resulting in the release of their contents, such as hemoglobin, into surrounding fluid (typically blood plasma). This process is normally part of erythrocyte turnover, with old or damaged RBCs removed mainly by the spleen and liver. Pathological hemolysis may be caused by disease, drugs, toxins, immune reactions, or mechanical stress (e.g., medical devices). Excessive hemolysis may outpace the body's ability to replace lost RBCs, resulting in hemolytic anemia and potential organ toxicity.

Other names

HematolysisErythrolysisErythrocytolysis

Mechanisms by which drugs cause hemolysis include immune-mediated destruction, oxidative damage, metabolic impairment, and direct membrane injury