Hemorrhoidal Pathology

Hemorrhoidal pathology describes the symptomatic enlargement, inflammation, prolapse, or thrombosis of the anal vascular cushions (hemorrhoidal plexus), presenting as pain, bleeding, prolapse, or anal discomfort. The underlying tissue consists of vascular, connective, and smooth muscle elements, but there is no single molecular or receptor target. Treatments focus on symptom management, vascular modulation, and, if required, physical ablation of the tissue.

Other names

hemorrhoidal diseasehemorrhoidspileshaemorrhoids

Drug interventions do not target a single molecule; they act broadly: Improvement of venous tone (phlebotonics), local anesthesia (topical anesthetics), anti-inflammatory effect (NSAIDs and corticosteroid creams), fibrosis induction (sclerotherapy), and mechanical occlusion and vascular disruption (rubber band ligation, surgical excision).