Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1)

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1 (TIM-1), is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. HAVCR1 functions as a receptor for hepatitis A virus and other viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, Dengue, and Zika, mediating their entry into host cells. In the immune system, it is expressed on activated T cells and some B cells, where it serves as a costimulatory molecule modulating immune responses and cytokine production. In the kidney, HAVCR1 is a highly sensitive marker of acute tubular injury and is involved in the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic debris, contributing to tissue repair. Persistent expression after injury is associated with maladaptive inflammation and renal fibrosis, making it relevant in chronic kidney disease and possibly cancer. HAVCR1 is a validated biomarker for acute kidney injury and is under investigation as a potential therapeutic target for modulating immune responses or for delivering drugs in kidney disease contexts, although no approved drugs directly target it as of 2024.

Other names

KIM-1Kidney injury molecule 1TIM-1TIM1TIMD-1TIMD1CD365T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1HAVcr-1HAVCRT-cell membrane protein 1T-cell immunoglobulin mucin family member 1T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 1

Antibody-mediated inhibition of receptor function (experimental) Potential blockade of virus attachment or entry by targeting extracellular domain Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to injured kidney