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Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (envelope of HDV particle) (HBsAg; sometimes referred to as HDV envelope (not standardized))

Target
HBsAg; sometimes referred to as HDV envelope (not standardized)
Molecular classification
Viral envelope protein (source: HBV), Subviral particle component, Glycoprotein
01

Overview

The **envelope layer of the hepatitis D virus particle** is made entirely from the hepatitis B virus surface proteins (HBsAg: S, M, and L proteins) and a host-derived lipid bilayer[2][3][8][9]. HDV, a unique subviral agent, relies on HBV as a helper virus; it packages its ribonucleoprotein complex (HDV genome plus delta antigen) inside an envelope composed of HBV surface antigens. This envelope is necessary for HDV infectivity, mediating attachment to hepatocytes and entry via the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor[6][7]. HDV envelope proteins are not products of HDV itself but are fully sourced from HBV within coinfected cells[2][8].

Other names
HBV surface antigenHBsAgEnvelope of HDV virionHDV envelope (used in some literature, not strictly correct)
02

Mechanism of action

Bulevirtide: inhibits interaction of viral envelope (preS1 domain of HBsAg-L) with NTCP receptor, preventing viral entry

03

Biological functions

Virion assembly and releaseMediation of viral entry via binding to NTCP receptor on hepatocytesDeterminant of infectivity and host cell tropism
04

Disease associations

Infection (essential for HDV infectivity)Progression to severe liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (conferred by HDV/HBV coinfection)
05

Safety considerations

Reliance on HBV surface antigen for HDV eradication: inhibition may affect HBV infection, risk for liver enzyme flares or hepatitis rebound upon withdrawaloff-target immune effects, interferon-related adverse reactions
06

Interacting drugs

Bulevirtide (blocks entry of HDV and HBV by targeting the NTCP receptor)

1 more in the full profile.

07

Biomarkers

HBsAg (used as marker for HBV infection and required for HDV presence)HDV RNA (confirms HDV infection, not envelope-specific)

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