Hepatitis C virus RNA genome (HCV RNA genome)

The Hepatitis C virus RNA genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA comprising approximately 9,600 nucleotides[6][9]. It encodes one large open reading frame flanked by highly structured 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), which harbor critical cis-regulatory elements such as the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that allows cap-independent translation of the viral polyprotein[3][6][7][9]. The RNA genome folds into complex secondary and tertiary structures that regulate all major stages of the viral lifecycle, including translation, replication, and encapsidation into new virions[1][9]. Various RNA elements recruit host factors such as microRNA-122, which stabilizes the genome and enhances replication in liver cells[3][7]. The structure of the genome also aids in immune evasion by limiting recognition by innate immune sensors[5][7]. The genome is essential for both diagnosis (as a biomarker) and as a potential direct therapeutic target. While most approved drugs target the proteins translated from the genome (e.g., NS5B polymerase), novel strategies aim to target the RNA structural elements themselves to disrupt viral propagation[9].

Other names

Hepatitis C virus genomic RNAHCV genomic RNAHCV genome

Inhibition of RNA genome replication, Disruption of IRES-mediated translation, Stabilization of alternative RNA conformations to prevent function, Interference with genome packaging