Hepatitis C virus RNA synthesis pathway (HCV RNA synthesis)

The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA synthesis pathway is the essential biological process by which the virus replicates its genetic material within host hepatocytes. This process is orchestrated by a multi-protein replication complex anchored to a specialized 'membranous web' derived from the host's endoplasmic reticulum [PMID: 23028317]. The key components of this machinery include the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which catalyzes the synthesis of new RNA strands, and the NS5A protein, which is critical for the assembly and regulation of the replication complex [PMID: 24553736]. Because this pathway is unique to the virus and essential for its survival, it has become the primary target for Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) [PMID: 28846062]. Modern therapeutic regimens typically combine inhibitors of different components within this pathway—such as NS5B, NS5A, and the NS3/4A protease—to maximize efficacy and minimize the risk of viral resistance [PMID: 26157395]. Successful inhibition of this pathway leads to the clearance of the virus, preventing the progression of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [PMID: 25145548].

Other names

Hepatitis C virus replication machineryHCV RNA replicationHCV replicase complexHCV RNA synthesis machinery

Inhibition of the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (chain termination or non-nucleoside inhibition), inhibition of the NS5A replication complex protein, and inhibition of the NS3/4A serine protease to disrupt the assembly and enzymatic activity of the replication complex.